Diazepam, commonly known by its brand name Valium, is a medication belonging to the benzodiazepine family, used primarily to treat anxiety, seizures, muscle spasms, and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. As a potent sedative, Diazepam works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity, resulting in a calming effect on the central nervous system.