How Much Do Voice Actors and Models Get Paid?

Voice acting and modeling are two of the most accessible on-camera and behind-the-mic gigs in entertainment — and two of the hardest to price. Pay swings wildly depending on the job type, the market, whether the work is union, and how (and how long) the client’s voice or image gets used.

This guide gives you realistic, clearly-labeled market ranges for both fields so you can quote confidently, spot a lowball offer, and know which gigs are actually worth your time.

Important: none of these figures are official or fixed. They’re typical ranges drawn from commonly cited market data. Every job is negotiable, and your rate will depend on experience, market, and usage. If you’re unsure where you land in a range, widen it and quote toward the upper half — it’s easier to negotiate down than up.

[INTERNAL LINK: how to find casting calls for voiceover and modeling work — target page description: beginner’s guide to getting started on casting platforms]

Part 1: Voice Actor Pay Rates

Voiceover work splits into two income streams: the session fee (what you’re paid to record) and usage (what you’re paid for how the recording is used). Understanding the split is the single most important thing in this section — it’s where most beginners leave money on the table.

Commercial Voiceover

Commercial VO — TV, radio, online ads, pre-roll — is the best-paid bread-and-butter work in voiceover, and the session fee is only half the story.

• Typical session range: most non-union commercial voice actors charge roughly $250–$1,000+ per session, depending on the market and the spot’s reach.
• Local radio or streaming spot: often lands in the $250–$400 range for the session.
• Regional or national broadcast: $500–$1,000+ per session is common for established talent.

Where the real money is: usage. A session fee gets you into the booth; usage (also called “buyout” or “licensing”) pays you for where the spot airs and for how long. A local radio ad running three months might include a modest usage fee baked into the session rate, while a national TV spot running a year can pay multiples of the session fee in usage alone. Always quote session + usage separately, and always get the usage terms (media, territory, duration) in writing before you record.

Animation and Video Games

• Animation (TV, streaming, feature): union sessions typically run around $1,000+ per session for lead/character work on a TV episode; non-union animation commonly falls in the $250–$600 per session range depending on the project and role size.
• Video games: most game VO pays roughly $250–$600 per hour of recording for non-union work. Union game sessions (under the SAG-AFTRA Interactive Agreement) start around $1,000+ per session day.

Game work deserves a warning: shouting, battle cries, and creature sounds are vocally demanding. Experienced game actors build vocal-protection time into their schedules — and into their quotes.

Audiobooks: Per Finished Hour

Audiobooks pay by the finished hour — one hour of finished audio, not one hour of your time. A finished hour typically takes 3–6 hours of recording and editing, so do the math before you accept a rate.

• Typical range: most audiobook narrators charge roughly $200–$400 per finished hour.
• Royalty-share deals: some publishers offer no upfront pay and split royalties instead. This is a gamble — fine as a calculated bet on a bestselling author, risky for an unknown title.

For a 10-hour audiobook at $300 PFH, that’s $3,000 — but expect 30–60 hours of real work behind it. Price accordingly.

E-Learning and Corporate Narration

The corporate world pays well for voices and rarely negotiates hard, which makes e-learning and corporate narration one of the steadiest income sources in VO.

• E-learning: typically around $300–$600 per finished hour, though many narrators quote per module or per project ($400–$1,000+ per project for mid-length courses).
• Corporate narration (internal videos, explainers, onboarding): roughly $400–$1,000 per project depending on length and script complexity.

Because corporate clients care more about reliability than rock-bottom prices, this category is a strong one for newer voice actors to target while building their demo reel.

[INTERNAL LINK: how to make a voiceover demo reel — target page description: guide to recording a competitive VO demo]

Union vs. Non-Union: How It Changes Pay

Union membership (SAG-AFTRA in the US) sets minimums — guaranteed floors, not ceilings. For example, union minimums run roughly $1,000+ per TV commercial session and around $1,082 for a TV animation session over 10 minutes. Union work also brings residuals (repeat payments when spots re-air) and pension/health contributions.

Non-union work has no floor, which cuts both ways: you can book more jobs with less competition, but you have to set and defend your own rates. The practical move for non-union talent: use union minimums as your reference point when negotiating, and never let a client treat non-union status as a discount on your quote.

How Usage and Buyouts Affect Pay

Three terms every voice actor should have locked down:

• Usage: payment for where the spot runs (TV, radio, streaming, social), the territory (local, regional, national, worldwide), and the duration (3 months, 6 months, 1 year, in perpetuity). Broader usage = higher pay. Always renew usage in writing if a client wants to keep running the spot past the original term.
• Buyout: a one-time payment covering the recording for a defined period or forever. A “full buyout” (paid once, used forever) should command a serious premium — many actors quote 2–4x the session fee, sometimes more for national broadcast.
• Session fee: the base payment for your time in the booth, regardless of what happens to the recording afterward. Quote this separately from usage so the client can’t blur the two.

Red flag: any contract that pays a flat session fee and asks for unlimited usage in perpetuity. That’s a buyout priced as a session fee — quote it like a buyout or walk.

Part 2: Modeling Pay Rates

Modeling pay runs on day rates (or half-day rates) plus usage for commercial work. Like voiceover, the headline number is the day rate — but for print and commercial jobs, usage can add significantly on top.

Commercial and Print Modeling

This is the best-paid mainstream modeling category: catalogs, lookbooks, e-commerce, print ads, and commercial campaigns.

• Typical day rates: most commercial/print models earn roughly $200–$1,500+ per day, with the range driven by job type and market.
• E-commerce and catalog (regional markets): often $200–$500 per day.
• National print campaigns or commercial shoots (LA/NYC): $800–$1,500+ per day is typical for experienced talent, and major campaigns pay more once usage fees are added.

For commercial jobs, always ask about usage: a day rate covers your time on set, but if your image runs in a national campaign for a year, usage fees are standard on top of the day rate.

Runway and Fashion Shows

Runway pays less than most people expect, and many emerging designers pay little or nothing — models take these jobs for exposure and portfolio material, not income.

• Typical range: roughly $150–$500 per show for standard runway work.
• Major fashion weeks / established designers (LA, NYC, Miami): $500–$1,000+ per show for experienced runway talent.

Treat unpaid or low-paid runway as a portfolio investment with a clear limit: a few prestige shows build your book; a year of free shows is just free labor.

Fit Modeling

Fit models try on clothing so designers can check sizing and construction — it’s steady, behind-the-scenes work with regular hours, and it pays well relative to the glamour level.

• Typical range: roughly $150–$400 per hour for experienced fit models in major markets; sessions are usually booked in multi-hour blocks, so a full day can exceed $1,000.
• Fit modeling values consistency over look: reliable measurements, punctuality, and the ability to give useful fit feedback matter more than editorial edge.

What Actually Moves Your Rate

Four variables drive modeling pay more than anything else:

1. Market. LA, NYC, and Miami pay meaningfully more than regional markets — typically 30–100% more for comparable jobs. Working in a major market, or traveling to one for booked work, is one of the fastest ways to raise your day rate.
2. Experience and book. A strong portfolio lets you quote the top of every range. New models in a major market often start at the bottom of the range and climb within a year or two of consistent bookings.
3. Job type. Commercial and fit modeling pay the best; runway and editorial pay less but build the portfolio that unlocks commercial work.
4. Usage. For print and commercial jobs, negotiate usage separately from the day rate. A national campaign running a year can double or triple your total pay through usage fees — or cost you nothing extra if you sign it away unknowingly.

[INTERNAL LINK: how to build a modeling portfolio — target page description: guide to creating a competitive model portfolio and comp card]

Avoiding Modeling Scams

Modeling is one of the most scam-targeted industries in entertainment. The rules are simple and absolute:

• Never pay upfront fees to an agency or “casting director.” Legitimate agencies earn commission from your booked work (typically 15–20%) — they do not charge you to sign, to be listed, or to be “considered.” Anyone asking for a registration fee, portfolio fee, or “guaranteed placement” payment is running a scam.
• Never pay for mandatory photo shoots with a specific photographer. A real agency may suggest photographers, but it won’t require you to pay their in-house shooter to be represented.
• Verify the agency. Check that the agency has a real office, real clients, and a real roster. Search the agency name plus “scam” or “complaint” before signing anything.
• Read every contract. Especially the sections on exclusivity, commission rates, and how long the agency controls your bookings. If anything is unclear, have someone experienced review it before you sign.

One legitimate upfront cost exists: your own portfolio photos from a photographer you choose. That’s your investment, not a fee paid to an agency.

FAQ

How much do beginner voice actors make per hour?

Most beginners booking non-union work charge roughly $150–$300 per hour for basic narration or small commercial jobs, with rates climbing as demos and credits build. Beginners should avoid racing to the bottom — underpricing early sets a ceiling that’s hard to raise later.

What is a per finished hour (PFH) rate?

A PFH rate pays you for each hour of completed, delivered audio — not the hours you spent recording and editing it. One finished hour typically takes 3–6 hours of total work, so a $300 PFH rate works out to roughly $50–$100 per actual hour of labor.

How much do models get paid per day?

Typical modeling day rates run roughly $200–$1,500+ depending on the job type and market. E-commerce and catalog work in regional markets sits at the lower end; national commercial campaigns in LA or NYC sit at the upper end, with usage fees on top for print and commercial jobs.

Do models or voice actors make more money?

It depends on the category. Top commercial voice actors and top commercial models both earn well into six figures; at the entry level, both typically land in the low hundreds per gig. Voiceover tends to offer steadier volume (e-learning, corporate narration), while modeling’s highest paydays come from commercial campaigns with usage fees.

Should I join SAG-AFTRA as a voice actor?

Joining makes sense once you’re consistently booking work that could be union, since it guarantees minimums, residuals, and benefits. But union membership means you can’t take non-union jobs, so most actors wait until their income and booking volume justify the switch.

Find Voiceover and Modeling Gigs on Project Casting

Knowing the rates is step one — booking the work is step two. Project Casting is a marketplace for TV, film, and advertising productions where voiceover artists and models browse real casting calls and apply directly. Browse the latest voiceover and modeling gigs, submit your demo or portfolio, and start booking work at rates you actually deserve.

[INTERNAL LINK: browse voiceover casting calls — target page description: Project Casting voiceover casting calls listing]
[INTERNAL LINK: browse modeling casting calls — target page description: Project Casting modeling casting calls listing]

UGC creator pricing is one of the most Googled questions in the creator economy — and one of the most confusing. One creator charges $100 per video. Another charges $1,000 for the same deliverable. Brands don’t know what’s fair, and new creators don’t know what to charge without either underselling themselves or pricing themselves out of work.

Here’s the honest answer: there are no official UGC rate cards. No governing body sets prices. Every number below is a typical market range drawn from what creators commonly charge and what brands commonly pay in 2026. Use them as a compass, not a contract — actual rates vary by creator experience, niche, complexity, brand budget, and (most importantly) usage rights.

[INTERNAL LINK: UGC creator starter guide — target page description: how-to-become-a-UGC-creator guide]

What UGC Is (and How It Differs From Influencing)

UGC (user-generated content) is brand-directed content created by an independent creator that looks and feels like a real customer’s content — product demos, unboxing videos, testimonials, day-in-the-life clips — but is owned and published by the brand, not the creator. The creator is hired for their production skills and authenticity, not their audience.

That distinction is the whole pricing model:

This is why UGC rates are structured around deliverables and usage rights rather than follower counts. A brand paying $300 for a UGC video isn’t paying for impressions — it’s paying for a video asset it can run as an ad. The money question isn’t “how many followers does she have?” It’s “where will this video run, and for how long?”

That said, follower count still plays a role — just not the way it does in influencer marketing. More on that below.

Typical UGC Rates by Deliverable (2026 Market Ranges)

These are typical ranges most creators fall into, based on current market data. A beginner with no portfolio sits at the low end; an experienced creator in a premium niche (beauty, skincare, tech, finance) sits at the high end or above.

UGC Video

The core product. A typical single UGC video — scripted or directed by the brand, shot at home, 15–60 seconds, delivered with captions and a clean edit — usually runs $100–$500.

Within that band, commonly cited tiers look like this:

• Beginner creators (0–10 brand deals): $100–$200 per video
• Experienced creators (10–50+ deals, proven ad performance): $200–$500 per video
• Top-tier creators (100+ deals, niche authority, high-converting track record): $500–$1,500+ per video

Longer videos (60+ seconds), scripted dialogue, multiple scenes, or videos requiring the creator to write the script themselves all push toward the top of the range. Raw, unedited footage typically adds a separate fee.

Product Photos

Still-image deliverables are priced far lower than video, because the production lift is smaller. A typical photo set (5–10 edited images) runs $50–$250, with single hero shots around $25–$75 each. Product flat-lays, lifestyle shots, and styled scenes command more than simple white-background product shots.

Testimonial Clips

A testimonial is a short talking-head review clip (15–45 seconds) where the creator speaks to camera about their experience with a product. Typical range: $150–$400 per clip — slightly above a basic product video, because genuine-feeling testimonials outperform scripted reads in paid social, and brands know it. Creators who already genuinely use the product can charge a premium over creators faking enthusiasm.

Unboxing Videos

Unboxing is its own deliverable category: the creator films opening the product, reacting, and doing first impressions. Typical range: $150–$350 per video. The unscripted nature means less prep for the creator, but the authentic “first reaction” energy is exactly what converts, so prices hold up well. Some creators discount unboxings when the brand sends free product and pays — the product itself counts as partial compensation, but it doesn’t replace the fee.

Ad Creative Bundles

This is where experienced creators make their best margins. Instead of selling one video, they sell a package. Common bundle structures:

• 3 videos + 5 photos: typically $500–$900
• 5 videos (one month of creative): typically $1,000–$2,500
• 10 videos (always-on creative testing): typically $2,000–$4,000+

Bundles discount the per-video rate (that’s the point — brands buy volume), but they raise the total deal size and reduce the creator’s sales effort. If you’re a creator, package your rates: bundles make higher totals feel like better deals, and brands love one invoice instead of five.

[INTERNAL LINK: commercial casting guide — target page description: guide to commercial casting services for brands]

How Follower Count Affects UGC Pricing

Here’s the nuance the influencer world gets wrong: for pure UGC, follower count barely affects the creation fee. The brand isn’t buying your audience — it’s buying a video to run on its own channels. A nano creator with 2,000 followers and an iPhone can produce a $300 ad-ready video that’s identical in value to one from a creator with 100K followers.

But follower count still matters in three indirect ways:

1. Credibility signal. Brands use follower count as a proxy for “this person knows what they’re doing.” A creator with 50K followers quoting $500 feels safe; a creator with 300 followers quoting $500 raises eyebrows. Same deliverable, different perceived risk.
2. Whitelisting value. When a brand runs ads through the creator’s account (whitelisting), the creator’s audience becomes part of the product. Bigger engaged audiences = higher whitelisting fees. This is the one place follower count directly prices in.
3. Content quality correlation. Creators with larger audiences usually have more reps — better lighting, better hooks, better retention instincts. Brands pay for the skill, and follower count often (not always) correlates with it.

Typical per-post ranges by creator tier, as commonly cited across creator-economy benchmarks (these reflect blended UGC/influencer work, not pure UGC creation fees):

• Nano (1K–10K followers): roughly $50–$300 per post
• Micro (10K–50K followers): roughly $200–$800 per post
• Mid-tier (50K–500K followers): roughly $800–$5,000 per post

If you’re buying pure UGC deliverables, ignore these tiers and price the asset. If you’re pricing whitelisted ad rights, weight them heavily.

Organic vs. Paid Usage: Where the Real Money Is

This is the section most rate guides bury and most beginners miss. Usage rights are where UGC money is actually made.

The creation fee pays for the labor of making the video. The usage fee pays for what the brand does with it. Those are two separate products, and experienced creators invoice them as two separate line items.

Organic use

The brand posts the content on its own social feeds (TikTok, Instagram, YouTube) without paid spend behind it. Most creators include organic use in the base price — the $100–$500 video fee typically covers the brand posting it organically, in perpetuity or for 12 months. Always define the term in the agreement anyway.

Paid use (ads)

The moment a brand puts paid spend behind your video — boosting it, running it as a Meta/TikTok ad, placing it in a paid campaign — the video becomes an ad unit generating revenue. That changes its value completely. A typical paid-usage add-on runs $200–$500 per video for 30–90 days of ad rights, scaled to spend and duration.

Whitelisting

Whitelisting (also called creator licensing or Spark Ads on TikTok) means the brand runs paid ads from the creator’s own account, borrowing their face, voice, and audience trust. Because the creator’s identity is the asset, whitelisting commands a premium: typical whitelisting fees run 30–100% of the base creation fee per month, or a flat $300–$1,500+ per month depending on the creator’s audience size and the ad spend behind it. High-spend campaigns ($50K+/month in ad spend) justify fees at the top of that range or beyond — the creator’s likeness is doing real commercial work.

Full buyout

A buyout means the brand owns the content outright — unlimited use, all channels, in perpetuity. Typical buyout add-ons: $1,000+ per deliverable on top of the creation fee, or 2–5x the base rate. Creators should price buyouts high because they foreclose all future licensing income from that asset.

The golden rule: always separate the creation fee from the usage fee in your quotes. One line for making it, one line for running it. If a brand wants paid usage later, you’re not renegotiating from zero — you’re activating a tier you already priced. This single habit is the difference between creators who earn $300 per deal and creators who earn $1,200 per deal on the same video.

[INTERNAL LINK: talent rates guide — target page description: guide to setting your rates as commercial and content talent]

Retainers vs. One-Off Pricing

One-off deals

One project, one invoice. Typical one-off video: $100–$500 plus usage. One-offs are how most creator-brand relationships start — a paid audition, essentially. Brands test creative performance; creators test whether the brand is easy to work with. Healthy, but unpredictable income.

Retainers

A retainer is a monthly agreement: the brand commits to a fixed volume of content (say, 5 videos/month) for a fixed monthly fee. Typical UGC retainers run $500–$5,000+ per month, scaling with volume, turnaround speed, and usage rights:

• Small retainer (2–3 videos/month, organic use): roughly $500–$1,500/month
• Mid retainer (5–8 videos/month, some paid usage): roughly $1,500–$3,000/month
• Always-on creative partner (10+ videos/month, paid usage + whitelisting): roughly $3,000–$5,000+/month

Retainers discount the per-video rate — the brand is buying predictability and priority — but they stabilize a creator’s income and eliminate the constant pitching cycle. For brands, a retainer creator learns the product, the audience, and the winning hooks over time, so creative quality compounds. For creators, three retainer clients at $1,500/month beats chasing twelve one-offs.

Pricing tip for creators: quote retainers as a flat monthly package, not a per-video rate multiplied by volume. “$2,000/month for 6 videos, organic + 90-day paid usage included” is a cleaner sell than “$333/video × 6.” And build in a 30-day out clause — brands like low-commitment trials, and you’ll rarely get fired if the creative performs.

How Creators Package and Quote

Top-earning UGC creators don’t sell videos. They sell packages with tiers, and the structure is remarkably consistent:

1. A three-tier rate card. Every serious creator has one — often a one-page PDF or a section of their media kit:

• Starter: 1 video, organic use — entry price
• Growth: 3 videos + hooks/CTA variations, 90-day paid usage — the package most brands buy
• Scale: 5+ videos, paid usage + whitelisting — premium price

Tiered pricing works because it anchors the negotiation. The brand sees the top tier, flinches, and “settles” on the middle — which is exactly the tier you priced to be your real offer.

2. Line-item add-ons. Raw footage (+$50–$150), extra hook variations (+$25–$75 each), rush delivery under 48 hours (+25–50%), scriptwriting (+$50–$100), additional revision rounds beyond two (+$25–$50). Add-ons turn a $250 base into a $450 invoice without the creator working twice as hard.

3. Usage as the upsell. The base quote covers organic. Paid usage and whitelisting are presented as upgrades, not demands. This keeps the headline price competitive while the real margin lives in the add-on tiers.

4. Portfolio over follower count. New creators: if you have no brand deals yet, make 5–10 spec videos for products you already own, post them publicly, and link them in every pitch. A creator with 200 followers and a portfolio of sharp spec work out-quotes a creator with 20K followers and no portfolio — because brands buy proof, not potential.

5. Raise rates every 10 deals. The standard pattern: start at $100–$150/video, raise by $25–$50 after every 5–10 completed deals as your portfolio and turnaround speed improve. Most established creators land in the $250–$500/video zone within their first year. The ones who don’t are usually the ones who never separated usage fees from creation fees.

Finding UGC Gigs That Pay Fair Rates

Knowing the rates is half the battle; finding brands that actually pay them is the other half. Marketplaces where brands post structured UGC briefs — with budgets, deliverables, and usage terms spelled out upfront — cut out the lowball DMs and the “exposure” offers. Project Casting is a marketplace for TV, film, and advertising productions where brands and productions post UGC and brand-deal gigs with real budgets attached, and talent can browse and apply directly.

When evaluating any gig, run this checklist before you quote:

• What’s the exact deliverable list (video count, length, photos)?
• Organic use only, or paid/whitelisting? For how long?
• How many revision rounds are included?
• Who writes the script — you or the brand?
• Is the product gifted on top of the fee, or is the product instead of the fee? (Never accept product-only payment on a brand’s ad creative.)

FAQ

How much do UGC creators charge per video in 2026?
Most UGC creators charge roughly $100–$500 for a single video, depending on experience, niche, and complexity. Beginners typically start around $100–$200; experienced creators with proven ad performance charge $300–$500+. These are typical market ranges, not fixed prices, and usage rights (paid ads, whitelisting) are usually priced separately.

Do UGC creators charge based on follower count?
Mostly no — unlike influencer marketing, UGC pricing is based on deliverables and usage rights, not audience size, because the brand publishes the content on its own channels. Follower count matters mainly for whitelisting deals, where ads run from the creator’s account.

How much extra do creators charge for paid ad usage?
A typical paid-usage add-on runs $200–$500 per video for 30–90 days of ad rights. Whitelisting (running ads from the creator’s account) usually costs 30–100% of the creation fee per month, or a flat $300–$1,500+ monthly depending on audience size and ad spend.

What is a typical UGC monthly retainer?
Monthly UGC retainers typically run $500–$5,000+, depending on volume and usage rights. A small retainer (2–3 videos/month, organic use) is roughly $500–$1,500; an always-on creative partnership (10+ videos with paid usage and whitelisting) runs $3,000–$5,000+.

How should a beginner UGC creator set their rates?
Start around $100–$150 per video with organic usage included, build a portfolio of 5–10 spec videos, and raise rates by $25–$50 every 5–10 completed deals. Always quote usage rights (paid ads, whitelisting) as a separate line item — that’s where the real earnings are.

Find Your Next UGC Gig on Project Casting

If you’re a creator ready to turn these rates into real deals, browse UGC and brand-deal gigs on Project Casting — brands post casting calls with budgets and usage terms upfront, so you can apply to the ones that pay what you’re worth. Create your talent profile, filter for UGC and brand-deal gigs, and start pitching today.

Commercial pay confuses almost every actor starting out. Here’s the core fact: the money you make on shoot day is usually only the beginning. A national spot can keep paying you for years after you leave the set — and in union work, the airplay money often dwarfs the day rate.

This guide breaks commercial pay into its three moving parts — session fees, holding fees, and residuals — then covers how the numbers shift for on-camera vs. voiceover, union vs. non-union, and buyouts vs. residuals. All figures below are typical market ranges for illustration only, not official union rate cards. Where a specific figure matters, SAG-AFTRA’s actual contract rates change periodically, so check the current agreement or ask your rep.

The Three Pieces of Commercial Pay

Every commercial contract, union or not, boils down to some version of these three components:

1. Session fee — pay for showing up and shooting.
2. Holding fee — pay for keeping you (and your face or voice) exclusive to the brand.
3. Residuals / usage fees — pay tied to the commercial actually airing, scaled by how widely and where it runs.

Confuse them and you can’t evaluate an offer. Separate them and everything clicks.

1. The Session Fee: Pay for the Shoot Day

The session fee is your base pay for being on set. Think of it as your day rate. Typical ranges:

• Union on-camera session: roughly $700–$1,000 per session is a common ballpark for principals (these are illustrative ranges, not official rates — the actual scale moves with each contract cycle).
• Non-union commercial day rates typically run $300–$1,000 for a shoot day, depending on the market, the brand, and whether the spot runs locally or nationally.
• Union fitting fees: if the job requires a wardrobe fitting on a separate day, that’s typically paid as an additional session, not folded into the shoot day.

The session fee covers a defined workday (usually 8 hours for union commercial sessions). Overtime rules kick in after that — and yes, long commercial shoot days can meaningfully bump your check.

One comparison point for context: under the 2025–2026 SAG-AFTRA theatrical contract, a day performer earns $1,246/day. Commercial session fees sit in a comparable neighborhood for the shoot day itself — but commercials can add layers of usage money that film and TV day work doesn’t.

2. The Holding Fee: Pay for Exclusivity

Here’s the part most new actors miss. When you book a commercial, the brand doesn’t just buy your shoot day — it buys exclusivity. That means you generally can’t appear in a competitor’s commercial for the same product category (you can’t do the Ford spot if you just shot Toyota, for example).

The holding fee compensates you for that restriction. Key facts:

• Holding fees are paid in 13-week cycles. Every 13 weeks the brand wants to keep you exclusive, they pay another holding fee — typically equal to a session fee.
• The maximum period of use on union contracts is usually 21 months (roughly five 13-week cycles), though it varies by contract type.
• If the brand doesn’t renew, you’re released — free to book competitors again.

Why this matters: even if a spot barely airs, a booked actor typically still collects session + holding fees for every cycle the brand holds them. That’s guaranteed money with no extra work beyond staying available and staying out of conflicts.

Holding fees also create the famous “conflict trap.” Book a small local car-dealership spot with a long hold and you may block yourself from a national auto campaign. Experienced commercial actors and agents weigh the holding terms, not just the day rate, before accepting.

[INTERNAL LINK: “how to cast a commercial” — step-by-step guide to casting commercial talent]

3. Residuals: Pay Every Time the Spot Airs

Residuals are the reason commercial acting can be so lucrative. They are payments for use — each time the commercial runs, in each market and on each medium, the performer gets paid.

In union commercial work, residuals are structured in 13-week cycles and scale with:

• Market size — a national network airing pays far more than a single local market.
• Medium — broadcast TV, cable, streaming/OTT, digital, and social are each priced differently.
• Number of airings — more airings in a cycle means higher residual payments, often on a stepped scale.

In practice: a spot that airs nationally across broadcast and cable in a heavy cycle can pay several thousand dollars in residuals per cycle — on top of the session and holding fees. Run that for multiple cycles and one booking can add up to tens of thousands of dollars over its life. That is the “one national spot” story: the shoot day is a small fraction of the total.

Non-union jobs usually handle this differently. Instead of per-airing residuals, non-union contracts most often use a buyout (more on that below) — a flat fee for a defined period and defined usage. There are no residual checks in the mail; you negotiated it all up front.

On-Camera vs. Voiceover for Commercials

Same brand, same campaign, different jobs — and different pay scales.

• On-camera principals typically earn the highest session fees, because their likeness carries the exclusivity burden. On-camera holding fees can be significant since the conflict is visual.
• Voiceover talent generally earn lower session fees than on-camera principals — union radio and TV voiceover sessions are often a few hundred dollars per session as a rough ballpark — but strong voiceover artists stack volume: many sessions per week across multiple brands.
• Radio vs. TV voiceover differs too: TV voiceover (the voice behind a picture spot) and radio voiceover have historically had different scales and use structures, so always check which contract applies.

One strategic note: voiceover holds are less restrictive than on-camera holds (your voice in a spot rarely blocks you from on-camera work for competitors), which makes voiceover a popular parallel income stream for on-camera actors.

[INTERNAL LINK: “voiceover casting guide” — how to find and book voiceover talent]

Union vs. Non-Union Commercial Pay

This is the biggest fork in commercial pay, and it changes nearly everything about the structure:

Union (SAG-AFTRA) commercial work:

• Minimums are set by the contract — session, holding, and residual scales are defined, not negotiated from zero.
• Residuals keep coming in 13-week cycles for as long as the spot runs and the brand keeps paying.
• Pension and health contributions are paid on your behalf on top of your check.
• Your agent’s commission is typically 10% on union work.
• You get conflict protection, defined maximum use periods, and payment deadlines.

Non-union commercial work:

• Everything is negotiated. Session fees, usage, holds, and buyouts are whatever you and the production agree to — so the range is much wider.
• Instead of residuals, non-union jobs usually pay a buyout: one flat fee covering a defined period of use (e.g., “one year, broadcast + digital”). Once it’s paid, the spot can run without additional checks.
• Non-union day rates typically run $300–$1,000+, but a big-brand national non-union buyout can reach several thousand dollars for the right usage package.
• Agent commissions on non-union work are commonly 20% — roughly double the union rate — and some agents treat buyout/usage money separately, so read your agency agreement.
• There is no union enforcing payment timelines or tracking airings, which puts the burden of negotiation on you.

The trade-off is real: union spots pay more over time and carry protections, but non-union work is far more plentiful, books faster, and is open to actors who aren’t yet SAG-AFTRA eligible. Many working commercial actors do both early in their careers — with a careful eye on conflicts.

Buyouts vs. Residuals: Which Is Better?

• Residuals mean you get paid as the spot airs. Low risk for the brand, potentially high upside for you. The classic “gift that keeps on giving” — checks arrive in 13-week cycles for the life of the campaign.
• A buyout is a single lump sum paid instead of residuals, covering a defined period and defined usage. The brand gets cost certainty; you get money up front but give up the upside.

Which is better depends entirely on the numbers. A generous buyout for limited usage can beat modest residuals; a small buyout for a national campaign that runs for years is a bad deal. When evaluating a non-union buyout, ask four questions:

1. What’s the usage? Which media, which markets, how many spots?
2. How long is the term? One year? In perpetuity? (Never accept “in perpetuity” cheaply — it means forever.)
3. What’s the conflict? What categories are you blocked from, and for how long?
4. Is the session fee separate? Make sure the day rate isn’t being swallowed by the buyout number.

Rule of thumb: the broader the usage and the longer the term, the bigger the buyout needs to be. A national TV buyout for two years should be a multiple of a local digital-only buyout for 13 weeks.

Why One National Spot Can Pay Far More Than the Shoot Day

Let’s put it together with a clearly labeled illustrative example — these numbers are made-up round figures to show the structure, not real rates:

Example: “Riley” books a national union on-camera spot

Now imagine the campaign runs well and the brand holds Riley exclusive and airs the spot for four 13-week cycles (about a year):

• Session + fitting: $1,200 (one time)
• Holding fees: $800 × 4 = $3,200
• Residuals: $2,500 × 4 = $10,000
• Illustrative total: $14,400 from a single shoot day

That’s the whole story of commercial pay: the shoot day was $800, but the usage structure turned it into $14,400. Not every spot runs nationally — a local spot might pay the session fee plus one holding cycle and stop there — but the structure is what creates the upside.

Flip side, non-union example: the same spot as a non-union booking might be offered as $1,200 for the shoot day plus a $3,000 buyout covering one year of national use. Total: $4,200, no more checks. Whether that’s fair depends on how widely the spot actually runs — which is exactly why the four buyout questions above matter.

What Gets Deducted Before You See the Money

The gross figures above aren’t what lands in your account:

• Agent commission: ~10% on union work, ~20% on non-union work.
• Union dues: SAG-AFTRA working dues are a percentage of earnings — small per check, but real.
• Taxes: you’re typically paid as an employee (W-2) on union jobs; non-union work may be 1099, meaning you handle your own withholding.
• Manager fees: if you have one, typically 10–15%.

A $1,000 union session check might net roughly $700–$750 after commissions, dues, and withholding. Budget accordingly.

How to Position Yourself for Commercial Work

Commercial casting moves fast and rewards a specific profile:

• Keep your materials current. Commercial casting directors want recent headshots and a reel with commercial or lifestyle footage — not just theatrical clips.
• Be bookable and conflict-free. Know which brands you’re currently held for before you audition, and disclose conflicts immediately.
• Respond quickly. Commercial auditions and avail checks often have same-day or next-day turnarounds. Slow responses lose bookings.
• Understand your worth before negotiating. If you know what session, holding, and residuals should look like for a given usage, you can spot a low buyout in seconds.

Background and extra work is a separate lane with its own pay structure — background actors earn a flat daily rate with no residuals, and the numbers are much smaller.

[INTERNAL LINK: “background actor pay guide” — what extras and background actors earn]
[INTERNAL LINK: “how to get cast in a commercial” — audition and booking guide for talent]

FAQ

How much do commercial actors get paid on average?
It depends on union status and usage. Union session fees are typically in the high hundreds of dollars per shoot day, and non-union day rates typically run $300–$1,000. But total earnings from one spot — session, holding fees, and residuals combined — can range from a few hundred dollars for a small local non-union spot to tens of thousands for a national union campaign.

What is a session fee in commercial acting?
The session fee is the performer’s base pay for the shoot day (and for wardrobe fittings, which are often paid as separate sessions). It covers a defined workday, with overtime applying beyond it. In union work it’s set by contract minimums; in non-union work it’s negotiated.

What is a holding fee?
A holding fee compensates the actor for exclusivity — the agreement not to appear in a competitor’s commercial during the hold period. It’s typically paid per 13-week cycle, often equal to a session fee, and continues as long as the brand keeps the performer under contract.

Do commercial actors get residuals?
Union commercial actors do: residuals are paid in 13-week cycles based on how widely and where the spot airs. Non-union actors generally do not receive residuals; instead, non-union contracts typically use a buyout — a flat fee covering a defined period and defined usage.

Is it better to do union or non-union commercials?
Union commercials pay more over time through residuals, include pension and health contributions, and carry contractual protections — but require SAG-AFTRA membership or eligibility. Non-union commercials are more plentiful and faster to book, pay through session fees and buyouts, and typically carry higher agent commissions (~20%). Many actors do non-union work while working toward union eligibility.

What’s the difference between a buyout and residuals?
A buyout is a one-time flat payment that covers all usage for a defined period — no further checks. Residuals are ongoing payments tied to actual airings, paid in cycles for as long as the spot runs. Residuals favor the actor when a spot runs widely; a buyout favors the actor when the upfront number is strong and the usage is limited.

Looking for commercial work? Browse and apply to commercial casting calls on Project Casting — new on-camera and voiceover opportunities post daily. [INTERNAL LINK: “commercial casting calls on Project Casting” — talent-facing casting call listings]

How Much Do Background Actors Get Paid? Union vs Non-Union Rates Explained

Background acting is one of the most common ways people get their first paid on-set experience. You don’t need an agent, a résumé full of credits, or a union card to start. But the pay varies a lot depending on whether you’re working union or non-union, what kind of set it is, and what you’re asked to do during the day.

This guide breaks down the numbers in plain English: the current day rates, the pay bumps that can push your daily total higher, and how overtime works.

What Background Actors Actually Do

Background actors — also called extras — fill out the world around the principal cast. They sit at café tables, walk down streets, fill courtroom benches, dance at clubs, and play audience members. The job is to look natural, take direction quickly, and stay quiet and out of the way between takes.

It sounds simple, and the work itself usually is, but productions depend on reliable background actors. Showing up on time, matching your continuity (same clothes, same position, same activity across takes), and being easy to work with is what gets you rebooked — and what gets you hired as a stand-in or upgraded to a special-ability rate.

[INTERNAL LINK: how to get cast as a background actor — related guide on applying for extras casting calls]

SAG-AFTRA Union Rates vs Non-Union Market Rates

SAG-AFTRA background actor rates (contract period 07/01/2025–06/30/2026)

The union minimums for background actors under the SAG-AFTRA theatrical wage tables are fixed per day (an 8-hour day). For the contract period July 1, 2025 through June 30, 2026, the figures are:

• General background actors: $224/day
• Special-ability background actors: $234/day
• Stand-ins / photo doubles: $262/day

Those are minimums, not maximums — a production can pay more. Union background work also comes with employer contributions to the SAG-AFTRA Health Plan, formal overtime rules, and meal penalties, which are covered later in this guide.

“Special ability” covers background work that requires a specific skill performed on camera — things like juggling, dancing, playing an instrument, or riding a bicycle through a scene. Stand-ins are the background actors who literally stand where the principal actors will stand while the crew sets up lighting and camera — and photo doubles physically resemble a principal actor and are filmed in shots where the actor isn’t needed.

Non-union background actor rates (market estimate)

Non-union background work pays less and varies by market. As a market estimate, non-union background actors typically earn $100–$200/day, depending on the city, the size of the production, and how urgently they need people.

Large markets like Los Angeles, New York, and Atlanta tend to be at the higher end of that range; smaller markets can be lower. Independent films, student projects, and web series sometimes pay less or offer deferred pay — those are the gigs where reading the listing carefully matters most.

The tradeoff is volume and access: non-union background work is far more plentiful, you don’t need a union card, and it’s where most people build their early credits before going SAG-AFTRA eligible or joining the union.

Pay Bumps Explained

Your base day rate isn’t always your final paycheck. Union productions pay “bumps” — additional per-day amounts — when the job requires extra effort, props, or conditions. Here are the most common ones, using the SAG-AFTRA theatrical union schedule figures (per day):

Props you bring or handle

• Pets you bring to set: $23/day — you’re supplying the animal, so you’re paid for it.
• Golf clubs with bag: $12/day
• Skis and poles: $12/day
• Bicycle: $12/day
• Tennis racquet: $5.50/day
• Camera (prop): $5.50/day
• Luggage: $5.50 per piece

Vehicle bumps

• Auto (your car used on camera): $37.50/day
• Motorcycle: $37.50/day

Driving or supplying your own vehicle for a shoot is one of the most common bumps, and it adds up fast over a multi-day booking.

Condition bumps

Some conditions — getting wet, working in smoke, or performing in unusual physical circumstances — trigger day adjustments. These amounts vary by contract and era, but a common approximate range is $10–$15 per day for wet work or smoke, added to your base rate. (Exact figures differ across SAG-AFTRA agreements, so treat these as approximate, not official.)

Special skills

If the production asks you to perform a special skill on camera — swimming, skating, dancing, horseback riding, playing an instrument — you’ll typically be bumped to the special-ability rate ($234/day union) or paid an additional adjustment for the day. Make sure whatever skill is requested in the listing is what you actually perform, because the bump is tied to the work done.

Costume and makeup

Productions that require special costuming or makeup compensate you for the extra time and effort. For example, if you’re required to arrive with extensively styled hair or non-ordinary period makeup done at home per the producer’s detailed instructions, you may receive a day adjustment (an approximate range is $20–$35/day depending on the contract). Corsets, body makeup, and formal or period costumes carry their own adjustments in most union agreements.

The key point: always confirm any bumps in your booking paperwork. If a listing says “must provide own car,” the bump should show up on your pay stub — and if it doesn’t, that’s a question for the casting office or the payroll company, not something to shrug off.

Overtime Basics

Background acting runs on an 8-hour day. After that, overtime kicks in — and this is where a “simple” $224 day can become a much bigger paycheck.

The 8-hour day

A standard day is 8 hours of work at the straight-time day rate. In practice, film and TV days routinely run longer than 8 hours, so understanding what happens after hour 8 is essential.

How overtime is calculated (general mechanics)

Union overtime typically works on a tiered structure. The following describes the general mechanics — treat the multipliers as the standard pattern rather than exact contract language:

• Hours 1–8: straight time (your day rate divided across the hours)
• Hours 9–10: approximately 1.5x your hourly equivalent
• Hours 11–15: approximately 2x your hourly equivalent
• Beyond 15 hours: pay can escalate to as high as a full additional day’s pay per hour

To make it concrete: if your day rate is $224, your hourly equivalent is $28. A 10-hour day would be roughly the $224 base plus two hours at 1.5x ($42/hour each) — about $308 before bumps. A 12-hour day adds two more hours at 2x ($56/hour each), pushing you toward roughly $420. This is why background actors love long shoot days: overtime is where the real money is.

Non-union productions don’t have to follow these rules, and many don’t. Some non-union productions pay a flat day rate regardless of hours, some pay half-day or full-day flat fees, and some offer overtime informally. This is one of the biggest practical differences between union and non-union background work — and it’s worth asking about hours before you accept a non-union booking.

Meal penalties (the concept)

Union sets are required to feed you at set intervals — generally around every 6 hours from your call time. When the production runs late on a meal, it owes you a meal penalty: a fixed amount (often around $10 per missed meal period) paid on top of your wages for that day. Penalties typically stack in half-hour increments the longer the meal is delayed.

The practical effect: a set that misses a meal by two hours can add a meaningful amount to everyone’s paycheck. Non-union productions generally don’t pay meal penalties, though they almost always provide meals or a meal allowance on full-day shoots.

How to Find Background Work

Getting background work is mostly about volume and responsiveness. Here’s what works:

1. Register with background casting agencies. Casting directors who specialize in background (sometimes called “extras casting” or “background casting”) are the main source of work. Create profiles, upload current photos, and respond to booking requests fast — background is often booked with hours of notice.
2. Browse casting call marketplaces. Sites where productions post open background calls let you apply directly instead of waiting for a casting office to call you. Look for listings that state the rate, the shoot date and location, and what’s required (car, costume, special skill) so you can target the ones with the best pay.
3. Keep your photos current and honest. Background casting is almost entirely look-based. Post recent, accurate photos in natural light — headshot, full body — and update them when your look changes. Misleading photos get you sent home at check-in, which wastes everyone’s day and gets you dropped from rosters.
4. Be reliable. The background actors who get called back are the ones who arrive on time, follow instructions, and don’t complain. Many background actors book their best gigs — stand-in work, multi-day holds, series regulars’ scenes — simply by being easy to have on set.
5. Track your pay. Note the rate, bumps, hours, and meal times for every job. Union or not, you should be able to reconcile your paycheck against what was promised. Keep copies of vouchers and call sheets.

[INTERNAL LINK: background actor resume template — guide on building a background acting résumé]

Background gigs at all levels — union and non-union — get posted regularly, and new actors who stay active and responsive can work several days a week in busy markets.

FAQ

How much do background actors make per day?

SAG-AFTRA union background actors earn a minimum of $224/day (contract period 07/01/2025–06/30/2026), with special-ability background at $234/day and stand-ins/photo doubles at $262/day. Non-union background actors typically earn $100–$200/day as a market estimate, depending on the city and production.

Do background actors get overtime?

Union background actors get overtime after 8 hours, typically at 1.5x for hours 9–10 and 2x for hours 11–15, with steeper rates beyond that. Non-union productions aren’t required to pay overtime and often pay flat day rates.

What are pay bumps for background actors?

Pay bumps are extra per-day amounts for providing props, vehicles, or special conditions. Examples from the union schedule include $23/day for pets, $37.50/day for your car or motorcycle, $12/day for a bicycle or golf clubs, and $5.50/day for a tennis racquet or camera.

Do background actors get paid for meals?

Union sets must provide meals roughly every 6 hours, and pay meal penalties (often around $10 per missed meal) when meals run late. Non-union productions typically provide meals on full-day shoots but rarely pay penalties.

Can you make a living as a background actor?

It’s difficult to rely on background acting as a sole income in most markets — the work is inconsistent, especially non-union. But busy background actors in major production hubs who accept long days, overtime-heavy shoots, and multi-day bookings can earn meaningful supplemental income. Many use it as a stepping stone to stand-in work or speaking roles.

Ready to get on set? Browse and apply to background and extras casting calls on Project Casting — the marketplace where productions list open background gigs and hire talent directly.